Dr. Peter Willis

Peter Willis received his doctorate in chemistry from Cornell University, after designing and building a one-ton crossed molecular beams machine that he used to probe the fundamental nature of interactions between metal atoms and organic molecules.  He continued his studies through postdoctoral fellowships at Rice University and Caltech, where he expanded his scientific horizons beyond spectroscopy and chemical reaction dynamics, and into the fields of carbon nanotechnology, molecular computing, systems biology, and biosensing. In recognition of his pioneering work on carbon fullerenes with Nobel Laureate Richard Smalley, on January 1st, 2000 he was highlighted by Maclean’s magazine as one of the “100 Canadians to Watch in the New Millennium”.   Two years later, drawn by the inescapable pull of the search for life beyond Earth, he joined the technical staff of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Dr. Willis is currently the Group Supervisor of JPL’s Chemical Analysis and Life Detection group.  His research focuses on invention of new methods and technologies capable of identifying and characterizing signatures of extraterrestrial life at the molecular level.  Portable instrument systems developed in his group are validated in a variety of harsh terrestrial environments that range from high deserts and hypersaline lakes, to oceans and icy polar regions.  The ultimate goal is to incorporate this technology into the payloads of robotic explorers bound for the ocean worlds of our outer solar system. To that end he has played a key role in the formulation of a variety of mission concepts to explore Titan, Enceladus, and Europa. In 2017 he co-authored the “Europa Lander Mission Science Definition Team Report”, a publication which broadly serves as a guide to life detection for all future planetary missions in our solar system.

In addition to laying the foundation for these missions of the coming decades, Dr. Willis also currently serves as staff scientist for the ongoing Perseverance Mars rover mission.  His primary focus is on the use of chemical and mineralogical analysis to enable the selection of the most astrobiologically promising samples for potential return to Earth for analysis in terrestrial laboratories.

And finally, Dr. Willis also has a strong commitment to academics, serving as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Chemistry at University of Kansas.  He is a frequent reviewer for a wide range of chemistry-related scientific journals and has mentored over 40 individuals at the undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral levels during the course of his research.


Education: 
  • Ph.D. Chemistry, Cornell University (1999)
  • M.S. Chemistry, Cornell University (1996)
  • B.Sc. (Honours) Chemical Physics, Queen’s University (1994)

Research Interests: 

Astrobiology and life detection, geochemistry, planetary habitability, environmental science, chemical oceanography, separation science, microscale chemical analysis, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, systems biology, systems engineering.


Professional Experience: 
  • JPL, Pasadena
    • Group Supervisor, Chemical Analysis and Life Detection (2019 – present)
    • Staff Scientist, Mars Perseverance Rover Mission (2020-)
    • Investigation Scientist for the SuperCam Instrument, Mars Perseverance Rover Mission (2014 – 2020)
    • Science Lead and Co-PI, JPL NEXT Ocean Worlds Life Surveyor (2018 – present)
    • Principal Investigator on a range of astrobiology-focused instrument development and field validation projects (2007 – present)
    • Science Systems Engineer for Microfluidics Subsystem, Urey Project (2006-2008)
    • Member of Technical Staff (2004 – 2007)

 

  • University of Kansas, Lawrence KS
    • Adjunct Professor of Chemistry (2019 – present)

 

 


Selected Awards: 
  • SCIEX Innovation Medal for breakthrough research in the field of Electrodriven Separations (2021)
  • JPL Voyager Award for Outstanding Performance as the Mars 2020 SuperCam Investigation Scientist (2019)
  • JPL Voyager Award for Leadership of the “Ocean Worlds Life Surveyor” NEXT Project (2018)

Selected Publications: 
  1. Willis, P. et al. (2021). How to Search for Chemical Biosignatures on Ocean Worlds. Bulletin of the AAS, 53(4). https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.8a770808
  2. Hand, K., Murray, A. E., Garvin, J. B., Brinckerhoff, W. B., Christner, B., Edgett, K. E., … Klonicki, E. (2021). Science of the Europa Lander Mission Concept. Bulletin of the AAS, 53(4). https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.ad4ae39e
  3. Maurice, S., Wiens, R.C., Bernardi, P. et al. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description. Space Sci Rev 217, 47 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-021-00807-w
  4. Wiens, R.C., Maurice, S., Robinson, S.H. et al. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests. Space Sci Rev 217, 4 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00777-5
  5. Farley, K.A., Williford, K.H., Stack, K.M. et al. Mars 2020 Mission Overview. Space Sci Rev 216, 142 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00762-y
  6. Stack, K.M., Williams, N.R., Calef, F. et al. Photogeologic Map of the Perseverance Rover Field Site in Jezero Crater Constructed by the Mars 2020 Science Team. Space Sci Rev 216, 127 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00739-x
  7. Mora, M. F.; Kehl, F; Da Costa, E.; Bramall, N; Willis, P.A., Fully Automated Microchip Electrophoresis Analyzer for Potential Life Detection Missions, Analytical Chemistry 2020, 92, 19, 12959-12966. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01628
  8. Kehl, F.; Kovarik, N.; Creamer, J; Da Costa, E.; and Willis, P.A., A Subcritical Water Extractor Prototype for Potential Astrobiology Spaceflight Missions.  Earth and Space Sciences 2019. doi: 10.1029/2019EA000803.
  9. Creamer, J.; Mora, M. F.; Noell, A. C.; and Willis, P. A., Long-term Thermal Stability of Fluorescent Dye used for Chiral Amino Acid Analysis on Future Spaceflight Missions, Electrophoresis, 2019. doi: 10.1002/elps.201900268.
  10. Creamer, J.; Mora, M.F.; and Willis, P.A. (2018), Stability of Reagents used for chiral amino acid analysis during spaceflight missions in high-radiation environments.  Electrophoresis 2018 (22), p. 2864-2871. doi: 10.1002/elps.201800274.
  11. Hand, K.P. et al., Europa Lander Science Definition Team Report (2017).
  12. Mora, M. F.; Jones, S. M.; Creamer, J.; and Willis, P. A. (2017), Extraction of amino acids from aerogel for analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Implications for a mission concept to Enceladus’ Plume, Electrophoresis 2017. doi:10.1002/elps.201700323.
  13. Creamer, J. S.; Mora, M. F.; Willis, P. A., Enhanced Resolution of Chiral Amino Acids with Capillary Electrophoresis for Biosignature Detection in Extraterrestrial Samples. Analytical Chemistry 2017, 89 (2), 1329-1337.
  14. Willis, P. A.; Creamer, J. S.; Mora, M. F., Implementation of microchip electrophoresis instrumentation for future spaceflight missions. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2015, 407 (23), 6939-6963.
  15. Cable, M. L.; Stockton, A. M.; Mora, M. F.; Hand, K. P.; Willis, P. A., Microchip nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis of saturated fatty acids using a new fluorescent dye. Analytical Methods 2014, 6 (24), 9532-9535.
  16. Cable, M. L.; Horst, S. M.; He, C.; Stockton, A. M.; Mora, M. F.; Tolbert, M. A.; Smith, M. A.; Willis, P. A., Identification of primary amines in Titan tholins using microchip nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2014, 403, 99-107.
  17. Mora, M. F.; Stockton, A. M.; Willis, P. A., Analysis of thiols by microchip capillary electrophoresis for in situ planetary investigations. Electrophoresis 2013, 34 (2), 309-316.
  18. Cable, M. L.; Stockton, A. M.; Mora, M. F.; Willis, P. A., Low-Temperature Microchip Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis of Aliphatic Primary Amines: Applications to Titan Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry 2013, 85 (2), 1124-1131.
  19. Cable, M. L.; Hoerst, S. M.; Hodyss, R.; Beauchamp, P. M.; Smith, M. A.; Willis, P. A., Titan Tholins: Simulating Titan Organic Chemistry in the Cassini-Huygens Era. Chemical Reviews 2012, 112 (3), 1882-1909.
  20. Mora, M. F.; Greer, F.; Stockton, A. M.; Bryant, S.; Willis, P. A., Toward Total Automation of Microfluidics for Extraterrestrial In Situ Analysis. Analytical Chemistry 2011, 83 (22), 8636-8641.
Peter Willis
Address: 
4800 Oak Grove Dr.
Pasadena, CA 91109
Phone: 818.354.1297